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TweetNaCl.js
============
Port of [TweetNaCl](http://tweetnacl.cr.yp.to) / [NaCl](http://nacl.cr.yp.to/)
to JavaScript for modern browsers and Node.js. Public domain.
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/dchest/tweetnacl-js.svg?branch=master)
](https://travis-ci.org/dchest/tweetnacl-js)
Demo: <https://dchest.github.io/tweetnacl-js/>
Documentation
=============
* [Overview](#overview)
* [Audits](#audits)
* [Installation](#installation)
* [Examples](#examples)
* [Usage](#usage)
* [Public-key authenticated encryption (box)](#public-key-authenticated-encryption-box)
* [Secret-key authenticated encryption (secretbox)](#secret-key-authenticated-encryption-secretbox)
* [Scalar multiplication](#scalar-multiplication)
* [Signatures](#signatures)
* [Hashing](#hashing)
* [Random bytes generation](#random-bytes-generation)
* [Constant-time comparison](#constant-time-comparison)
* [System requirements](#system-requirements)
* [Development and testing](#development-and-testing)
* [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
* [Contributors](#contributors)
* [Who uses it](#who-uses-it)
Overview
--------
The primary goal of this project is to produce a translation of TweetNaCl to
JavaScript which is as close as possible to the original C implementation, plus
a thin layer of idiomatic high-level API on top of it.
There are two versions, you can use either of them:
* `nacl.js` is the port of TweetNaCl with minimum differences from the
original + high-level API.
* `nacl-fast.js` is like `nacl.js`, but with some functions replaced with
faster versions. (Used by default when importing NPM package.)
Audits
------
TweetNaCl.js has been audited by [Cure53](https://cure53.de/) in January-February
2017 (audit was sponsored by [Deletype](https://deletype.com)):
> The overall outcome of this audit signals a particularly positive assessment
> for TweetNaCl-js, as the testing team was unable to find any security
> problems in the library. It has to be noted that this is an exceptionally
> rare result of a source code audit for any project and must be seen as a true
> testament to a development proceeding with security at its core.
>
> To reiterate, the TweetNaCl-js project, the source code was found to be
> bug-free at this point.
>
> [...]
>
> In sum, the testing team is happy to recommend the TweetNaCl-js project as
> likely one of the safer and more secure cryptographic tools among its
> competition.
[Read full audit report](https://cure53.de/tweetnacl.pdf)
Installation
------------
You can install TweetNaCl.js via a package manager:
[Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/):
$ yarn add tweetnacl
[NPM](https://www.npmjs.org/):
$ npm install tweetnacl
or [download source code](https://github.com/dchest/tweetnacl-js/releases).
Examples
--------
You can find usage examples in our [wiki](https://github.com/dchest/tweetnacl-js/wiki/Examples).
Usage
-----
All API functions accept and return bytes as `Uint8Array`s. If you need to
encode or decode strings, use functions from
<https://github.com/dchest/tweetnacl-util-js> or one of the more robust codec
packages.
In Node.js v4 and later `Buffer` objects are backed by `Uint8Array`s, so you
can freely pass them to TweetNaCl.js functions as arguments. The returned
objects are still `Uint8Array`s, so if you need `Buffer`s, you'll have to
convert them manually; make sure to convert using copying: `Buffer.from(array)`
(or `new Buffer(array)` in Node.js v4 or earlier), instead of sharing:
`Buffer.from(array.buffer)` (or `new Buffer(array.buffer)` Node 4 or earlier),
because some functions return subarrays of their buffers.
### Public-key authenticated encryption (box)
Implements *x25519-xsalsa20-poly1305*.
#### nacl.box.keyPair()
Generates a new random key pair for box and returns it as an object with
`publicKey` and `secretKey` members:
{
publicKey: ..., // Uint8Array with 32-byte public key
secretKey: ... // Uint8Array with 32-byte secret key
}
#### nacl.box.keyPair.fromSecretKey(secretKey)
Returns a key pair for box with public key corresponding to the given secret
key.
#### nacl.box(message, nonce, theirPublicKey, mySecretKey)
Encrypts and authenticates message using peer's public key, our secret key, and
the given nonce, which must be unique for each distinct message for a key pair.
Returns an encrypted and authenticated message, which is
`nacl.box.overheadLength` longer than the original message.
#### nacl.box.open(box, nonce, theirPublicKey, mySecretKey)
Authenticates and decrypts the given box with peer's public key, our secret
key, and the given nonce.
Returns the original message, or `null` if authentication fails.
#### nacl.box.before(theirPublicKey, mySecretKey)
Returns a precomputed shared key which can be used in `nacl.box.after` and
`nacl.box.open.after`.
#### nacl.box.after(message, nonce, sharedKey)
Same as `nacl.box`, but uses a shared key precomputed with `nacl.box.before`.
#### nacl.box.open.after(box, nonce, sharedKey)
Same as `nacl.box.open`, but uses a shared key precomputed with `nacl.box.before`.
#### Constants
##### nacl.box.publicKeyLength = 32
Length of public key in bytes.
##### nacl.box.secretKeyLength = 32
Length of secret key in bytes.
##### nacl.box.sharedKeyLength = 32
Length of precomputed shared key in bytes.
##### nacl.box.nonceLength = 24
Length of nonce in bytes.
##### nacl.box.overheadLength = 16
Length of overhead added to box compared to original message.
### Secret-key authenticated encryption (secretbox)
Implements *xsalsa20-poly1305*.
#### nacl.secretbox(message, nonce, key)
Encrypts and authenticates message using the key and the nonce. The nonce must
be unique for each distinct message for this key.
Returns an encrypted and authenticated message, which is
`nacl.secretbox.overheadLength` longer than the original message.
#### nacl.secretbox.open(box, nonce, key)
Authenticates and decrypts the given secret box using the key and the nonce.
Returns the original message, or `null` if authentication fails.
#### Constants
##### nacl.secretbox.keyLength = 32
Length of key in bytes.
##### nacl.secretbox.nonceLength = 24
Length of nonce in bytes.
##### nacl.secretbox.overheadLength = 16
Length of overhead added to secret box compared to original message.
### Scalar multiplication
Implements *x25519*.
#### nacl.scalarMult(n, p)
Multiplies an integer `n` by a group element `p` and returns the resulting
group element.
#### nacl.scalarMult.base(n)
Multiplies an integer `n` by a standard group element and returns the resulting
group element.
#### Constants
##### nacl.scalarMult.scalarLength = 32
Length of scalar in bytes.
##### nacl.scalarMult.groupElementLength = 32
Length of group element in bytes.
### Signatures
Implements [ed25519](http://ed25519.cr.yp.to).
#### nacl.sign.keyPair()
Generates new random key pair for signing and returns it as an object with
`publicKey` and `secretKey` members:
{
publicKey: ..., // Uint8Array with 32-byte public key
secretKey: ... // Uint8Array with 64-byte secret key
}
#### nacl.sign.keyPair.fromSecretKey(secretKey)
Returns a signing key pair with public key corresponding to the given
64-byte secret key. The secret key must have been generated by
`nacl.sign.keyPair` or `nacl.sign.keyPair.fromSeed`.
#### nacl.sign.keyPair.fromSeed(seed)
Returns a new signing key pair generated deterministically from a 32-byte seed.
The seed must contain enough entropy to be secure. This method is not
recommended for general use: instead, use `nacl.sign.keyPair` to generate a new
key pair from a random seed.
#### nacl.sign(message, secretKey)
Signs the message using the secret key and returns a signed message.
#### nacl.sign.open(signedMessage, publicKey)
Verifies the signed message and returns the message without signature.
Returns `null` if verification failed.
#### nacl.sign.detached(message, secretKey)
Signs the message using the secret key and returns a signature.
#### nacl.sign.detached.verify(message, signature, publicKey)
Verifies the signature for the message and returns `true` if verification
succeeded or `false` if it failed.
#### Constants
##### nacl.sign.publicKeyLength = 32
Length of signing public key in bytes.
##### nacl.sign.secretKeyLength = 64
Length of signing secret key in bytes.
##### nacl.sign.seedLength = 32
Length of seed for `nacl.sign.keyPair.fromSeed` in bytes.
##### nacl.sign.signatureLength = 64
Length of signature in bytes.
### Hashing
Implements *SHA-512*.
#### nacl.hash(message)
Returns SHA-512 hash of the message.
#### Constants
##### nacl.hash.hashLength = 64
Length of hash in bytes.
### Random bytes generation
#### nacl.randomBytes(length)
Returns a `Uint8Array` of the given length containing random bytes of
cryptographic quality.
**Implementation note**
TweetNaCl.js uses the following methods to generate random bytes,
depending on the platform it runs on:
* `window.crypto.getRandomValues` (WebCrypto standard)
* `window.msCrypto.getRandomValues` (Internet Explorer 11)
* `crypto.randomBytes` (Node.js)
If the platform doesn't provide a suitable PRNG, the following functions,
which require random numbers, will throw exception:
* `nacl.randomBytes`
* `nacl.box.keyPair`
* `nacl.sign.keyPair`
Other functions are deterministic and will continue working.
If a platform you are targeting doesn't implement secure random number
generator, but you somehow have a cryptographically-strong source of entropy
(not `Math.random`!), and you know what you are doing, you can plug it into
TweetNaCl.js like this:
nacl.setPRNG(function(x, n) {
// ... copy n random bytes into x ...
});
Note that `nacl.setPRNG` *completely replaces* internal random byte generator
with the one provided.
### Constant-time comparison
#### nacl.verify(x, y)
Compares `x` and `y` in constant time and returns `true` if their lengths are
non-zero and equal, and their contents are equal.
Returns `false` if either of the arguments has zero length, or arguments have
different lengths, or their contents differ.
System requirements
-------------------
TweetNaCl.js supports modern browsers that have a cryptographically secure
pseudorandom number generator and typed arrays, including the latest versions
of:
* Chrome
* Firefox
* Safari (Mac, iOS)
* Internet Explorer 11
Other systems:
* Node.js
Development and testing
------------------------
Install NPM modules needed for development:
$ npm install
To build minified versions:
$ npm run build
Tests use minified version, so make sure to rebuild it every time you change
`nacl.js` or `nacl-fast.js`.
### Testing
To run tests in Node.js:
$ npm run test-node
By default all tests described here work on `nacl.min.js`. To test other
versions, set environment variable `NACL_SRC` to the file name you want to test.
For example, the following command will test fast minified version:
$ NACL_SRC=nacl-fast.min.js npm run test-node
To run full suite of tests in Node.js, including comparing outputs of
JavaScript port to outputs of the original C version:
$ npm run test-node-all
To prepare tests for browsers:
$ npm run build-test-browser
and then open `test/browser/test.html` (or `test/browser/test-fast.html`) to
run them.
To run tests in both Node and Electron:
$ npm test
### Benchmarking
To run benchmarks in Node.js:
$ npm run bench
$ NACL_SRC=nacl-fast.min.js npm run bench
To run benchmarks in a browser, open `test/benchmark/bench.html` (or
`test/benchmark/bench-fast.html`).
Benchmarks
----------
For reference, here are benchmarks from MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Mid 2014)
laptop with 2.6 GHz Intel Core i5 CPU (Intel) in Chrome 53/OS X and Xiaomi Redmi
Note 3 smartphone with 1.8 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon 650 64-bit CPU (ARM) in
Chrome 52/Android:
| | nacl.js Intel | nacl-fast.js Intel | nacl.js ARM | nacl-fast.js ARM |
| ------------- |:-------------:|:-------------------:|:-------------:|:-----------------:|
| salsa20 | 1.3 MB/s | 128 MB/s | 0.4 MB/s | 43 MB/s |
| poly1305 | 13 MB/s | 171 MB/s | 4 MB/s | 52 MB/s |
| hash | 4 MB/s | 34 MB/s | 0.9 MB/s | 12 MB/s |
| secretbox 1K | 1113 op/s | 57583 op/s | 334 op/s | 14227 op/s |
| box 1K | 145 op/s | 718 op/s | 37 op/s | 368 op/s |
| scalarMult | 171 op/s | 733 op/s | 56 op/s | 380 op/s |
| sign | 77 op/s | 200 op/s | 20 op/s | 61 op/s |
| sign.open | 39 op/s | 102 op/s | 11 op/s | 31 op/s |
(You can run benchmarks on your devices by clicking on the links at the bottom
of the [home page](https://tweetnacl.js.org)).
In short, with *nacl-fast.js* and 1024-byte messages you can expect to encrypt and
authenticate more than 57000 messages per second on a typical laptop or more than
14000 messages per second on a $170 smartphone, sign about 200 and verify 100
messages per second on a laptop or 60 and 30 messages per second on a smartphone,
per CPU core (with Web Workers you can do these operations in parallel),
which is good enough for most applications.
Contributors
------------
See AUTHORS.md file.
Third-party libraries based on TweetNaCl.js
-------------------------------------------
* [forward-secrecy](https://github.com/alax/forward-secrecy) — Axolotl ratchet implementation
* [nacl-stream](https://github.com/dchest/nacl-stream-js) - streaming encryption
* [tweetnacl-auth-js](https://github.com/dchest/tweetnacl-auth-js) — implementation of [`crypto_auth`](http://nacl.cr.yp.to/auth.html)
* [tweetnacl-sealed-box](https://github.com/whs/tweetnacl-sealed-box) — implementation of [`sealed boxes`](https://download.libsodium.org/doc/public-key_cryptography/sealed_boxes.html)
* [chloride](https://github.com/dominictarr/chloride) - unified API for various NaCl modules
Who uses it
-----------
Some notable users of TweetNaCl.js:
* [GitHub](https://github.com)
* [MEGA](https://github.com/meganz/webclient)
* [Stellar](https://www.stellar.org/)
* [miniLock](https://github.com/kaepora/miniLock)
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