mirror of
https://github.com/musix-org/musix-oss
synced 2024-11-14 03:30:18 +00:00
343 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
343 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# Commander.js
|
||
|
||
|
||
[](http://travis-ci.org/tj/commander.js)
|
||
[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/commander)
|
||
[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/commander)
|
||
[](https://gitter.im/tj/commander.js?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
|
||
|
||
The complete solution for [node.js](http://nodejs.org) command-line interfaces, inspired by Ruby's [commander](https://github.com/tj/commander).
|
||
[API documentation](http://tj.github.com/commander.js/)
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Installation
|
||
|
||
$ npm install commander
|
||
|
||
## Option parsing
|
||
|
||
Options with commander are defined with the `.option()` method, also serving as documentation for the options. The example below parses args and options from `process.argv`, leaving remaining args as the `program.args` array which were not consumed by options.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
#!/usr/bin/env node
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Module dependencies.
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
var program = require('commander');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.option('-p, --peppers', 'Add peppers')
|
||
.option('-P, --pineapple', 'Add pineapple')
|
||
.option('-b, --bbq-sauce', 'Add bbq sauce')
|
||
.option('-c, --cheese [type]', 'Add the specified type of cheese [marble]', 'marble')
|
||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
console.log('you ordered a pizza with:');
|
||
if (program.peppers) console.log(' - peppers');
|
||
if (program.pineapple) console.log(' - pineapple');
|
||
if (program.bbqSauce) console.log(' - bbq');
|
||
console.log(' - %s cheese', program.cheese);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Short flags may be passed as a single arg, for example `-abc` is equivalent to `-a -b -c`. Multi-word options such as "--template-engine" are camel-cased, becoming `program.templateEngine` etc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Coercion
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
function range(val) {
|
||
return val.split('..').map(Number);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function list(val) {
|
||
return val.split(',');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function collect(val, memo) {
|
||
memo.push(val);
|
||
return memo;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function increaseVerbosity(v, total) {
|
||
return total + 1;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.usage('[options] <file ...>')
|
||
.option('-i, --integer <n>', 'An integer argument', parseInt)
|
||
.option('-f, --float <n>', 'A float argument', parseFloat)
|
||
.option('-r, --range <a>..<b>', 'A range', range)
|
||
.option('-l, --list <items>', 'A list', list)
|
||
.option('-o, --optional [value]', 'An optional value')
|
||
.option('-c, --collect [value]', 'A repeatable value', collect, [])
|
||
.option('-v, --verbose', 'A value that can be increased', increaseVerbosity, 0)
|
||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
console.log(' int: %j', program.integer);
|
||
console.log(' float: %j', program.float);
|
||
console.log(' optional: %j', program.optional);
|
||
program.range = program.range || [];
|
||
console.log(' range: %j..%j', program.range[0], program.range[1]);
|
||
console.log(' list: %j', program.list);
|
||
console.log(' collect: %j', program.collect);
|
||
console.log(' verbosity: %j', program.verbose);
|
||
console.log(' args: %j', program.args);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Regular Expression
|
||
```js
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.option('-s --size <size>', 'Pizza size', /^(large|medium|small)$/i, 'medium')
|
||
.option('-d --drink [drink]', 'Drink', /^(coke|pepsi|izze)$/i)
|
||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
console.log(' size: %j', program.size);
|
||
console.log(' drink: %j', program.drink);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Variadic arguments
|
||
|
||
The last argument of a command can be variadic, and only the last argument. To make an argument variadic you have to
|
||
append `...` to the argument name. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
#!/usr/bin/env node
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Module dependencies.
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
var program = require('commander');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.command('rmdir <dir> [otherDirs...]')
|
||
.action(function (dir, otherDirs) {
|
||
console.log('rmdir %s', dir);
|
||
if (otherDirs) {
|
||
otherDirs.forEach(function (oDir) {
|
||
console.log('rmdir %s', oDir);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
An `Array` is used for the value of a variadic argument. This applies to `program.args` as well as the argument passed
|
||
to your action as demonstrated above.
|
||
|
||
## Specify the argument syntax
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
#!/usr/bin/env node
|
||
|
||
var program = require('../');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.arguments('<cmd> [env]')
|
||
.action(function (cmd, env) {
|
||
cmdValue = cmd;
|
||
envValue = env;
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
if (typeof cmdValue === 'undefined') {
|
||
console.error('no command given!');
|
||
process.exit(1);
|
||
}
|
||
console.log('command:', cmdValue);
|
||
console.log('environment:', envValue || "no environment given");
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Git-style sub-commands
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// file: ./examples/pm
|
||
var program = require('..');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.command('install [name]', 'install one or more packages')
|
||
.command('search [query]', 'search with optional query')
|
||
.command('list', 'list packages installed')
|
||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When `.command()` is invoked with a description argument, no `.action(callback)` should be called to handle sub-commands, otherwise there will be an error. This tells commander that you're going to use separate executables for sub-commands, much like `git(1)` and other popular tools.
|
||
The commander will try to search the executables in the directory of the entry script (like `./examples/pm`) with the name `program-command`, like `pm-install`, `pm-search`.
|
||
|
||
If the program is designed to be installed globally, make sure the executables have proper modes, like `755`.
|
||
|
||
### `--harmony`
|
||
|
||
You can enable `--harmony` option in two ways:
|
||
* Use `#! /usr/bin/env node --harmony` in the sub-commands scripts. Note some os version don’t support this pattern.
|
||
* Use the `--harmony` option when call the command, like `node --harmony examples/pm publish`. The `--harmony` option will be preserved when spawning sub-command process.
|
||
|
||
## Automated --help
|
||
|
||
The help information is auto-generated based on the information commander already knows about your program, so the following `--help` info is for free:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ ./examples/pizza --help
|
||
|
||
Usage: pizza [options]
|
||
|
||
An application for pizzas ordering
|
||
|
||
Options:
|
||
|
||
-h, --help output usage information
|
||
-V, --version output the version number
|
||
-p, --peppers Add peppers
|
||
-P, --pineapple Add pineapple
|
||
-b, --bbq Add bbq sauce
|
||
-c, --cheese <type> Add the specified type of cheese [marble]
|
||
-C, --no-cheese You do not want any cheese
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Custom help
|
||
|
||
You can display arbitrary `-h, --help` information
|
||
by listening for "--help". Commander will automatically
|
||
exit once you are done so that the remainder of your program
|
||
does not execute causing undesired behaviours, for example
|
||
in the following executable "stuff" will not output when
|
||
`--help` is used.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
#!/usr/bin/env node
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Module dependencies.
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
var program = require('commander');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.option('-f, --foo', 'enable some foo')
|
||
.option('-b, --bar', 'enable some bar')
|
||
.option('-B, --baz', 'enable some baz');
|
||
|
||
// must be before .parse() since
|
||
// node's emit() is immediate
|
||
|
||
program.on('--help', function(){
|
||
console.log(' Examples:');
|
||
console.log('');
|
||
console.log(' $ custom-help --help');
|
||
console.log(' $ custom-help -h');
|
||
console.log('');
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
console.log('stuff');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Yields the following help output when `node script-name.js -h` or `node script-name.js --help` are run:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Usage: custom-help [options]
|
||
|
||
Options:
|
||
|
||
-h, --help output usage information
|
||
-V, --version output the version number
|
||
-f, --foo enable some foo
|
||
-b, --bar enable some bar
|
||
-B, --baz enable some baz
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
$ custom-help --help
|
||
$ custom-help -h
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## .outputHelp()
|
||
|
||
Output help information without exiting.
|
||
|
||
If you want to display help by default (e.g. if no command was provided), you can use something like:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var program = require('commander');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.command('getstream [url]', 'get stream URL')
|
||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||
|
||
if (!process.argv.slice(2).length) {
|
||
program.outputHelp();
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## .help()
|
||
|
||
Output help information and exit immediately.
|
||
|
||
## Examples
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var program = require('commander');
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.version('0.0.1')
|
||
.option('-C, --chdir <path>', 'change the working directory')
|
||
.option('-c, --config <path>', 'set config path. defaults to ./deploy.conf')
|
||
.option('-T, --no-tests', 'ignore test hook')
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.command('setup [env]')
|
||
.description('run setup commands for all envs')
|
||
.option("-s, --setup_mode [mode]", "Which setup mode to use")
|
||
.action(function(env, options){
|
||
var mode = options.setup_mode || "normal";
|
||
env = env || 'all';
|
||
console.log('setup for %s env(s) with %s mode', env, mode);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.command('exec <cmd>')
|
||
.alias('ex')
|
||
.description('execute the given remote cmd')
|
||
.option("-e, --exec_mode <mode>", "Which exec mode to use")
|
||
.action(function(cmd, options){
|
||
console.log('exec "%s" using %s mode', cmd, options.exec_mode);
|
||
}).on('--help', function() {
|
||
console.log(' Examples:');
|
||
console.log();
|
||
console.log(' $ deploy exec sequential');
|
||
console.log(' $ deploy exec async');
|
||
console.log();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program
|
||
.command('*')
|
||
.action(function(env){
|
||
console.log('deploying "%s"', env);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
More Demos can be found in the [examples](https://github.com/tj/commander.js/tree/master/examples) directory.
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
MIT
|
||
|